Annual cigarette consumption
"Total and per capita cigarette consumption figures were calculated using production, import and export figures found in the [mentioned in the belove category] databases.(..) The formula for consumption calculations are as follows:
Total cigarette consumption = Production + Imports - Exports
Per capita cigarette consumption = (Production + Imports - Exports) / Population aged 15+
(..) The calculation in the profiles did not account for factors that increase or decrease the true volumes of trade and production, such as smuggling and tax exemption. The consumpion formula does not account for the production of roll-your-own, bidi, and kretek cigarettes, as only manufactured cigarettes are included in the UN and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases. In countries where the preferred cigarettes types are other than manufactured, the formula will underestimate the populations' cigarettes consumption. This is most relevant to the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Central and Southern Asia."
Smoking prevalence
The comments under the smoking prevalence table give the "information about how the survey defined "smokers", where the survey was conducted (if not national representative), and the original source of the prevalence data".
Death attributed to smoking
Number of death attributed to smoking, between 1955 and 2000
These numbers have been provided by the report Mortality from smoking in developped countries 1950-2000: Indirect estimates from national vital statistics, by R Peto, A D Lopez, J Boreham et al., published by Oxford University press in 1994.
Percentage of deaths attributed to smoking
The percentage of deaths attributed to smoking in 1990 or 1995 are categorized by cause and sex. The percentages have been calculated from the crude numbers of deaths and the age-standardized mortality rates for diseases most commonly associated with tobacco use, provided by the tobacco country profiles.
Smoking-attributed number of deaths per year, all ages
In the Profiles, the numbers of deaths attributed to smoking in 1990 or 1995 are categorized by cause, age group and sex. Trends in total smoking-attributed mortality among men and women, all ages, between 1955 and 1995 are shown graphically.
Pharmaceutical treatments for
tobacco dependence
Data on pharmaceutical treatment for tobacco dependence in the profiles is limited to the pharmaceutical treatments currently available in each country, the product's dosage form, and legal amd advetising status. Legal status refers to whether the product is sold only in pharmacies (with or without a prescription), sold over the counter (without a prescription), or sold only with a doctor's prescription.
National tobacco control
provisions
National tobacco control "provisions" refer to all national laws, ministerial, royal and presidential decrees, regulations and voluntary codes of practice between industries, organizations and the governments.
Economics of tobacco
Market share by cigarette manufacturer
The data were retrieved from the ERC's "The world cigarette market", the "Maxwell Consumer Report on International Tobacco", the Tobacco Reporter's secondary publication of the "Maxwell report", and the TMA.
The following abbreviations of the manufacturers' name are used: BAT: British American Tobacco, PM: Philip Morris, RJR: R.J. Reynolds.
Annual tobacco trade and agriculture statistics
Two databases from the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD) provided data for the profiles: The Commodity Trade Statistics (COMTRADE) database contains trade (import and export) statistics for more than a dozen tobacco products (..). The UNSD also collects commodity production statistics through its Industrial Commodity Production Statistics database. (..) The Food and Agricultural database (FAOSTAT) provides information related to the production of tobacco leaves, trade in cigarettes (..), and the land area harvested annually in tobacco farming. (..)"
The land devoted to tobacco growing data is provided by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). And the employements figures were taken from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization's (UNIDO) Industrial Statistics Database.
Cigarette taxes and duties
Information regarding the taxes levied on cigarettes (..) is broken down into three categories:
- The first is excise tax that covers taxes levied within each country on cigarettes, usually in the form of a value added per pack or per cigarette.
- The second category covers any sales tax or value added taxes (VAT) on all goods and services that are also applicable to cigarettes.
- The third category covers any import duties associated with foreign cigarette brands sold in the domestic market.
The following units of measure and abbreviations are used in the tax section:
| Cig(s): cigarette(s) | CIF: Cost Including Freight charges | ECU: European Currency Unit, |
| ETP: Excise Tax in Products | GST: Goods and Sservices Tax | LCU: Local Currency Unit, |
| max: Maximun | min: Minimum | mm: millimeter in length |
| TVO: Taxes sur la valeur ordinaire | US: United States Dollars | %: percent." |
Retail price of 20 cigarettes with tax
The profiles represents the retail price odf a single package of domestic and imported manufactured cigarettes, including applicable taxes and duties. (..) Whenever possible, Malboro brand cigarettes were selected to represent the price of foreign cigarettes in order to provide a measure of standardization.
Organizations involved in tobacco control
For each country, the Profiles provides a list of up to nine government and non-government organizations committed to tobacco control. (..) The name of organizations are listed alone if contact information could not be verified.
Source: M. A. Corrao, G. E. Guindon, N. Sharma, D. F. Shokoohi, eds. Tobacco control country profiles. Atlanta : The American Cancer Society, 2000. Published for the 11th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health.